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Montgomery County Schools Superintendent Monifa McKnight steps down

Nicole Asbury Washington Post Feb 2nd 2024

Montgomery County Schools Superintendent Monifa B. McKnight stepped down Friday amid questions about how the district handled sexual harassment, bullying and other allegations involving a former principal.

McKnight — the first woman to serve as the head of Maryland’s largest school system — said that she reached “a mutually agreed separation” with the county school board, effective Friday. She is departing about two years into a four-year contract with the district that was set to end in 2026.

“I have felt over the past few months, there has been a distraction,” McKnight said. “When the focus is no longer on whom I have agreed to serve, I must control my fate.”

The Montgomery school board met in closed session Friday afternoon to receive legal advice and get information on the status of an unnamed employee. Later, the board said it wished McKnight well in the next chapter and it would “work together with staff to ensure a smooth transition.”

Brian Hull, the district’s chief operating officer, will serve as acting superintendent. The school board plans to name an interim superintendent on Tuesdayand launch a national search for a new leader“in the coming days.”

“We must rebuild trust, begin to heal, and ensure that our school system is equipped to serve the students, staff and families who make up our great school community,” theschool board said in a statement.

McKnight’sdeparture comes weeks after shesaid that school board officers indicated “their desire for me to step away.” At the time, theschool board declined to address whether McKnight’s characterization of the meeting was accurate, sayingit was a personnel matter.

The fray came as the school system was the subject of county inspector general investigative inquiries related to its handling of sexual harassment and workplace bullying complaints filed about former middle school principal Joel Beidleman. The Washington Postrevealedin August that the school system hadreceived at least 18 written or verbal complaints about Beidleman dating back to 2016. Butlast yearhe was promoted to become principal of Paint Branch High School in Burtonsville. A subsequent investigation by Baltimore-based law firm Jackson Lewis unearthed more complaints, bringing the total to 25.

Many teachers said a principal sexually harassed them. He was promoted.

Beidleman has denied several of the allegations, and he was put on administrative leave in August amid The Post’s reporting. He has since leftthe school system.

In an interview last week, McKnight, who was joined by her attorney, vowed to defend her reputation and said the school board hadn’t conducted a fair process of evaluating her work.

“I love my job. I love supporting the children and families and staff and Montgomery County Public Schools,” she said on Jan. 23. “I think it’s not lost upon anyone that when you take on the superintendency at this point in time, particularly after the pandemic, you do it because you love it.”

McKnight’s attorney, Jason Downs, added that she was the first woman to serve as superintendent and she was being treated differently than her male predecessors who have “been allowed to finish their terms despite any high-profile incidents that may have been tried in the media.” Downs did notelaborate. However, in the past decade, former superintendent Joshua P. Starr abruptly ended his tenure in 2015 after questions about the direction of the district. Downs said McKnight was doing her job well and urged reporters to “look at those evaluations.” He did not respond to an inquiry about whether McKnight intended to release those evaluations.

Supporters of McKnight have come to her defense in recent weeks, includingshowing up to school board meeting sessions with signs pledging support. On Thursday, representatives from the county chapter of the NAACP, the Black Ministers Conference of Montgomery County and others penned a letter to school board members asking them to “rescind your request that Dr. McKnight step aside.”

“From the start she has been undermined by this Board and in the Beidleman case, not permitted to do her job,” the letter said. “In our view, the Board of Education is responsible for the six months of chaos and uncertainty that has accompanied this case.”

McKnight, who was named Montgomery superintendent in 2022 after previously serving as interim, has nearly two decades of experience with the school system. She was named Maryland Principal of the Year in 2015. Later, she briefly left the school system to join Howard County Public Schools, but returned to Montgomery County in 2019 to serve as deputy under Superintendent Jack R. Smith.

As deputy, sheled efforts to conduct an “anti-racist audit” to vet the district’s policies and curriculums. A 198-page reportreleased in 2022 foundthat students of color have a less satisfactory experience than White students in the school system. The audit said participants instakeholder group sessionsalso described a lack of coordination in the central office, skepticism that the school system would be honest about the results, and a “culture where there is a ‘cost’ to speaking up and power dynamics that stifle honest dialogue.”Share this articleNo subscription required to readShare

When Smith announced his retirementas superintendent in 2021, McKnight became the interim.

She led the school system as it was trying to return from winter break, while the omicron variant of the coronavirus was surging and shuttering schools. A nearby jurisdiction, Prince George’s County Public Schools, had announced it would delay an in-person reopening after the winter break. But McKnight’s administration committed to offering in-person learning with an option for schools to switch to virtual instructions if cases were too high. A color-coded chart with infection rates was unveiled that showed which schools were at risk of temporarily closing to mitigate the spread, but the plan was scrapped three days later after state objections. She apologized for the confusion in a community letter.

Shortly after, the Montgomery County Education Association — the teacher’s union — passed avote of no confidence in the school system’s leadership, includingMcKnight and theschool board. The resolution cited the lack of “a coherent plan” and a failure “to provide clear metrics and criteria” to guide decisions aboutschools reopening.

In early 2022, the district was reeling aftera student was shot at Magruder High School, sending the school on lockdown for hours. An amended after-action report sent to the statein 2023noted thatsome students were released into the hallwayafter the shooting and some staff were able to get inside the school despite it being on lockdown.

The tensions came as the school board was finalizing a search for a permanent superintendent.

In February 2022, a group of Black pastors wrote in a sharply worded letter that McKnight was being “strategically and unjustly vilified” during her candidacy to be superintendent. They accused several county officials of participating in a backdoor political effort to discredit McKnight.

Later that month, the school board unanimouslyapproved the hiring of McKnight as superintendent. At the time, then-school board president Brenda Wolff called the appointment historic. McKnightalso is the second African American to serve in the role. She started with a base salary of $320,000.

“It is emotional because I don’t take this responsibility lightly,” McKnightsaid after the 2022 vote. “I care for the children in the school system as I do for my own.”

As superintendent, her administration privately negotiated an agreement that brought community engagement officers back into schools, angering student activists and criminal justice advocates. She also oversaw the school system as it was dealing with an uptick in antisemitic incidents and calls from parents to provide an “opt-out” provision for books with LGBTQ+ characters.

In aletter tothe district Friday, McKnighttouted the school system’s progress in increasing early literacy and mathematics test scores since the return toin-person instruction. She also noted that under her tenure, an agreement with the schools’ unions led staff to receive a 7 percent salary increase at the beginning of the school yearwith anotherraise of at least 3 percent set for July.

The revelation of the Beidleman misconduct allegations sparked intensescrutiny of the district in recent months, including from the county council and the county’s inspector general.

Montgomery leaders upbraid MCPS for secrecy in principal allegations

County residents havequestioned how much McKnight knew about complaints involving Beidleman during his promotional process. At a MontgomeryCounty council oversight hearing in September, McKnight said, “I was not aware there was an internal investigation against Dr. Joel Beidleman at the time of his promotion.”

The county inspector general launched two inquiries into the school system. The first inquiry looked into all allegations of misconduct by Beidleman, and a report released in December found he violated the system’s sexual harassment and bullying policies.

The second inquiry scrutinized the school district’s general handling of misconduct complaints. A January report determined that school officials had been warned multiple times since 2019 about issues pertaining to the district’s processes for investigating employee reports of misconduct. But the school system didn’t take “any substantive action” to address those concerns, according to the report.

McKnightwas charged by the school board to implement a “corrective action plan.” In January, her administrationsaid the plan would, among other things,nix candidates for a promotion if they are under an active investigation and create more rigorous background check protocols.

The school system is expected to face another hearing in front of the county council’s audit, and education and culture committees on Feb. 8.

County Executive Marc Elrich (D) said during a news conference Friday that he still seeking answers from the school board about the situation. Those questions “have to be answered at some point,” he said.

He added that the school system’s policies around sexual harassment would need to change.

“I want to be clear,” he said, “Rebuilding trust is not going to be as simple as replacing the superintendent.”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/02/02/monifa-mcknight-leaving-montgomery-schools-superintendent/

Council members admonish Montgomery school officials’ handling of misconduct reports

Nicole Asbury Washington Post Feb 9th 2024

The Montgomery County Council chastised school system officials Thursday for their handling of misconduct complaints involving employees, including the district’s release of a lightly redacted report on allegations involving a former principal that came out an hour before that day’s hearing with the county.

The meetingbetween the council’s audit and education and culture committees was meant to focus on a recent county inspector general report that concluded the school system was warned multiple times about deficiencies in its department that handles reports of employee misconduct.Investigators found case files were kept in “chaotic condition” in the department and employees had little guidance on how to look into complaints.

But shortly before the meeting began, the school board released a new version of a report by a law firm into its handling of allegations that former Farquhar Middle School principal Joel Beidleman sexually harassed, bullied and retaliated against school staff. The update — with less information redacted than a version made public last fall — revealed, among other details,that Monifa B. McKnight, then superintendent, knew that concerns about Beidleman’s behavior were “swirling around” before the school board approved his promotion.

Read the lightly-redacted Jackson Lewis report

Jackson Lewis, the law firm, was hired by the district after The Washington Post reported in August that at least 18 verbal and written reports about Beidleman were submitted to school officials dating back to 2016. Beidleman has previously denied many of the allegations. He did not respond to questions Thursday evening aboutthe release of the less redacted report. As of late January, he was no longer a school system employee.

The school system first released a version of the Jackson Lewis report in October. Much of the text was shielded to protect employee privacy, school board members previously said. But council members called for an unredacted version to be shared.

The report released Thursday does not name school employees directly, instead listing them by numbers. But its contents list enough details to make some of the people identifiable, including Beidleman, who is “Employee 25,” and McKnight who is referred to as “Employee 3.”

The report said that while McKnight was aware of concerns “swirling around,”she was not specifically aware of an ongoing investigationinto Beidleman and didn’t inquire for more details about the concerns. She and another employee recommended Beidleman over an external candidate to become Paint Branch High School principal. The school board approved the promotion in June.

MCPS official tampered with investigation of principal, report says

The report said McKnight was told by a friend on July 18 about a forthcoming story by The Post about Beidleman. She met with other employees on July 19, when they discussed an investigation regarding Beidleman and, according to the report, McKnight learned he was going to receive a letter of reprimand.

Yet, she did not tell the school board about the investigation or forthcoming story from The Post when they met the next day. She also didn’t place Beidleman on administrative leave until Aug. 4, after The Post sent detailed questions about Beidleman, the report said.

Jason Downs, an attorney representing McKnight, did not respond to a request for an interview with her Thursday. She left the school system last week after reaching “a mutually agreed separation” with the school board. McKnight was not present at Thursday’s meeting. Instead, interim superintendent Monique Felder represented school administration.

The less redacted version of the report also reveals that staff failed to notify the Title IX coordinator of certain incidents. Title IX coordinators are charged with overseeing complaints of sex discrimination.

At Thursday’s meeting,a few council memberswere seen reading through the report as they asked questions from the dais. Theyasked school board president Karla Silvestre why it took so long formore detailsto be released. Silvestre replied that the school board’s attorneys had a busy week and that it took time to review what could be unredacted from the report.

Montgomery school board apologizes for mishandling misconduct complaints

County Council President Andrew Friedson said the report was released “at the 11th hour … with really not enough time to prepare for our line of questioning in a meaningful way.”Share this articleNo subscription required to readShare

“I think it begs the question of the commitment of transparency and accountability that we really need to see from the board of education and from MCPS,” Friedson (D-District 1) said. “What we have seen with this report and the sharing of information related to the report is not adequate.”

Chief among the county council’s concerns were whether any employeesinvolved in Beidleman’s promotion remained in the school system. The Jackson Lewis report said five employees who had been part of the process had been aware of an investigation into Beidleman.

Brian Hull, the school system’s chief operating officer, said thatof the five, two are being investigated, two are no longer with the school system, and one has been disciplined and returned to work.

The council also expressed concern about the employees in theschool district’s Department of Compliance and Investigations, the office charged with handling employee misconduct complaints.

Watchdog calls Montgomery schools’ handling of misconduct complaints ‘chaotic’

Council member Marilyn Balcombe (D-District 2) said the school system recently requested an increase in funding for the investigations departmentas a part of its recommended budget for the nextfiscal year.

“I’m really reluctant to look at additional funding for this issue if the people who were in place prior to allow this to happen are still there,” she said, contending that the department “has been completely ineffective.”

Silvestre said the department has new leadership. Many of the investigators are new.

In addition,experts in compliance and investigations are also offering further recommendationsfor changes to the school systemand the districthas added software to monitor trends in submitted complaints.

“So much of this stuff is 101,” said council member Will Jawando (D-At Large), who chairs the education and culture committee. “It’s just amazing to me that in a system of this size that we are this inadequately behind.”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/02/09/montgomery-council-mcps-beidleman-complaints/

Montgomery school board apologizes for mishandling misconduct complaints

Nicole Asbury Washington Post Feb 7th 2024

Montgomery County school board members apologizedTuesdayfor the district’s failures in handling of employee misconduct complaints and vowed to heal the school system.

“We are deeply sorry for the pain that this has caused so many employees and the harm to this district,” board president Karla Silvestre said during a meeting. “It has not always listened to its employees. It has not always properly investigated complaints, and it has not created a process that ensures employees feel free to speak up.

She added that it was “time for the school system to heal.”

The school board met to review findings from investigations by a private law firm and the county’s inspector general of how the school system handled allegations of employee misconduct.

The investigations were launched after The Washington Post published an investigation in Augustthat revealed former Farquhar Middle School principal Joel Beidleman was the subject of at least 18 verbal or written reports alleging sexual harassment, bullying and retaliation submitted to the school district dating back to 2016. While he was under investigation, the school board promoted Beidleman to become principal of Paint Branch High School. He has denied many of the allegations, and he left the school system in January.

Shortly after The Post’s investigation published, the school system announced it hired the Baltimore-based law firm Jackson Lewis to scrutinize its handling of the complaints. A heavily redacted report released by the school board found that five individuals who participated in Beidleman’s promotion processknew about an internal investigation into his conduct, among other findings.

Montgomery school board appoints Felder as interim leader

The Montgomery County inspector general later announced it would launch inquiries to review all allegations about Beidleman submitted to the school system by July 2023 and other allegations that were not investigated, as well as a broader evaluation of the school system’s handling of misconduct complaints.

A report released in November on the initial inquiryfound that Beidleman violated the system’s sexual harassment and bullying policies.

In itssecond inquiry, the inspector general’s officefound that school officials were warned four times of deficiencies within the Department of Compliance and Investigations, which is charged with evaluating employee misconduct complaints. However, the school system did little to fix the problems, according to the watchdog’s report.

Silvestre saidTuesday that school board members learned about the previous warnings for the first time in late November and early December, after making a request for documentation involving human resources. Through the request, the board saw a previous 2019 investigation from a law firm and two other internal reviews that noted some of the problems.

The school board spent about two hours discussing the county watchdog’s investigations. Brian Hull, thedistrict’schief operating officer; April Key, chief of human resources and development; and Stacey Ormsby, the acting director of the Department of Compliance and Investigations, answered questions about changes being made to the compliance department’s processes and policies.

Ormsby said since she became acting director earlier this school year, she has set protocols to investigate anonymous misconduct complaints, which at times were previously were ignored by the compliance office. The office has also added software to monitor for trends in complaints. She told the board she also is working to set timelines for when an investigation should be completed once more staff members are added to the office. Ormsby said experts in compliance and investigations are expected to offer recommendations for other potential changes.Share this articleNo subscription required to readShare

School board member Lynne Harris (At Large) asked Ormsby if she wascreatingprocesses forhow to review“collateral complaints” — which are additional allegations about an employee shared by witnesses during an investigation. Harris explained that the school system had “no plan” for investigating those types of allegations, unless a witness separately filed their own complaint.

“What I’ve communicated very clearly and consistently is that all complaints will be reviewed and/or investigated,” Ormsby answered. “The investigation doesn’t end with that initial complaint.”

The school system also plans to refine its job descriptions for people hired in the Department of Compliance and Investigations. Harris said clarifying the qualifications and expectationsfor hireswas a necessary move.

“Human resources is a profession. Recruiting is a profession. Investigating complaints is a profession,” she said. “We have not put professionals in those role.”

She added that these changes were now one of the “non-negotiables in what the board expects.”

The school boardsaid it plans to update the county inspector general every 90 days on its progress on some of the office’s recommendations. It will also discuss its progress again during a board meeting scheduled on April 23.

In the meantime, the county watchdog reports also will be the focus of a meetingThursdaywith the Montgomery County Council’s Audit, and Education and Culture committees. Some county council members have recently called on the school board to release an unredacted version of the Jackson Lewis report.

Silvestre said the school board has been reevaluating its redactions to see if any more content could be shared publicly.

Tuesday’s meeting was the first without former schools superintendent Monifa B. McKnight, who announced Friday that she wouldleave the districtafter reaching a “mutually agreed separation” with the school board. In her resignation letter, McKnight said: “I have felt over the past few months, there has been a distraction. When the focus is no longer on whom I have agreed to serve, I must control my fate.”

The school board votedunanimouslyTuesday to appoint Monique Felder as interim superintendent. Felder is a former Montgomery County teacher and administrator who most recently was superintendent of Orange County Schools in North Carolina.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/02/06/montgomery-county-school-board-discusses-misconduct-investigations/

Public Untruths

Reporting on Truth in an Era of Lies with CNN's Fact Checker Daniel Dale |  Ottawa Public Library

John Lukacs in The Passing of the Modern Age (1977).

“The sometimes hopeless slowness in the movement of ideas makes life difficult for the young who, even more than adults, are very much dependent upon the ideas of others. This is why the dissolution of learning will not at all eliminate their dependence on teachers, rather the contrary. And the great teachers of the future will be those who, through a kind of wisdom, will direct their attention to all kinds of public untruths, very much including those propagated by the established public intellectuals.”

Strategies for Leveling the Educational Playing Field

Graduation caps being tossed

BY Elizabeth M. Ross

As an academic, David Deming says it is always tempting to think that we have to better understand major problems before we can solve them but, when it comes to the profound disparities in K–12 education in America, he is convinced that isn’t the case.

“We actually know what to do, we just lack the political will to do it,” he says.

The scale of the inequities is laid bare in new data recently analyzed by Deming, a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and fellow economists Raj Chetty and John Friedman of Opportunity Insights. In their research, the team looked at the role that wealth plays in admission to elite colleges and, in doing so, scrutinized the test scores of more than 5 million students who took the SAT or ACT in 2011, 2013, and 2015 along with their parents’ incomes, by studying federal tax records.

The researchers found that more than 30% of students from the very wealthiest families had strong scores that were well above average: 1300 or higher on the SAT or 29 or higher on the ACT. Less than 5% of the students from middle-income families had such successful scores. In fact, at a time when it was widely required in higher education, only about one in three students from the bottom half of the family income distribution even took a college entrance exam. 

To help close the huge achievement gaps outlined in the study, Deming offers the following solutions:

1. Broaden access to high-quality early childhood education for everyone. 

Inequalities, including health outcomes, start early — even before birth — according to Deming, and disparities begin to set in before kids show up to kindergarten. “The difference between the home environment and the preschool environment is very, very large, especially for families who don’t have the resources to send their kids to private nursery schools,” he explains, and having 3-year-olds sitting at home, “is not helping them get a leg up.” Kids who attend good preschools arrive at kindergarten ready to learn because they have already begun to acquire important skills, such as how to get along with peers and self-regulate.

2. Spend more money on all public schools.

Because of the pandemic, schools around the country have received federal aid dollars through the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund, but Deming says, “a one-time helicopter drop of money is way less effective than just sustaining higher levels of spending.” He proposes taxing citizens at a higher rate to fund schools since it is more expensive to educate students than it was in the past and because schools are “are important investments in the next generation.” 

3. Increase spending in schools in low-income communities.

Schools serving low-income families should, in Deming’s view, receive additional money in order to attract and retain qualified teachers, which can sometimes be challenging in poorer districts, and to also reduce class sizes. “That’s the kind of thing that can lead to sustained gains and achievement for everybody and closing of achievement gaps,” he explains.  

4. Add instruction time.

“We know how to teach people,” Deming says, we just need, “more seat time, more instructional time, more time on task,” and longer school days and school years, including teaching on Saturdays and over the summer, as well as supplemental tutoring for those who are struggling to catch up due to the pandemic or otherwise. 

He understands there may be resistance to some of his ideas, but fears that in a few years we will “see some examples of success, but also see a lot of lost opportunities,” when it comes to closing achievement gaps. “We just have to decide to make [education] a priority as a society, and I’m very concerned that we’re not,” Deming adds. 

The end of standardized testing? Not so fast….

As for those who might look at the vast differences in academic outcomes, tied to wealth, as a reason to scrap the SAT and ACT altogether, Deming thinks that would be a mistake. He considers the findings in his study to be “more a statement of the sum total of inequality in America,” and the disparities an indication that many students from lower-income families are less prepared for college “not because they’re not as smart, [but] because they haven’t been invested in, they haven’t had as much attention from teachers,” he explains.

While he has concerns about how the SAT is administered, that he would like to see addressed — such as allowing students to pay to take the test multiple times to get the highest score possible — Deming says, for highly selective colleges like Harvard (which is currently test-optional), the exam can be a helpful tool for finding students from less privileged backgrounds who have great academic potential. 

“If we didn’t have the SAT, we’d have no way to identify talent in unusual places and we need to preserve that,” he says. 

https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/24/01/strategies-leveling-educational-playing-field

2023 In Eight Points: Meditating On Our Planetary Moment

Otto Sharmer

As the year draws to an end and we head into 2024, I feel the need to close the feedback loop between all the challenges of 2023 and my own sensemaking. Here are three tangible things that stand out in hindsight:

  • It has been the hottest year on record: Each month from June to November has broken previous ceilings.
  • It has been a year of escalating polarization and conflicts: Europe (Ukraine/Russia), the Middle East (Israel/Gaza), Africa (the Sahel region, Somalia, Ethiopia), and Asia (Armenia/Azerbaijan, Korean Peninsula, South China Sea).
  • It has been the year of AI: The arrival of generative AI is reshaping human experience and societal structures in ways that were unimaginable just a few years ago.

That’s what we perceive on the surface. But what are the deeper messages that these three phenomena are holding for us? What are these challenges telling us?

In this year-end contemplation, I try to decipher some of these deeper messages. If read in the spirit of a systems thinking-based reality meditation, you will come across the following themes:

  • We collectively create results that nobody wants.
  • We can’t do more of the same (even though we keep trying).
  • The challenges we face require us to look into the mirror of the whole system.
  • In that mirror we see ourselves and our potential to shift the inner place of operating by
  • . . . opening our minds to shift our thinking from a silo to a systems view,
  • . . . opening our hearts to shift our relationships from toxic to transformative,
  • . . . opening our wills to shift our actions from ego to eco.
  • Small islands of coherence have the capacity to lift an entire system.

1. We collectively create results that nobody wants.

Almost no one wants to inflict more violence and destruction on nature, on others, or on themselves. Yet that’s what we keep doing collectively by:

  • deepening the ecological divide: climate destabilization, biodiversity loss
  • deepening the social divide: polarization, inequality, war
  • deepening the spiritual divide: hopelessness, anxiety, and depression

These three divides constitute a giant abyss in front of our collective eyes.

2. We can’t do more of the same (even though we keep trying).

What does that abyss have to say to us? You cannot do more of the same.

  • In the case of the ecological divide that means: you cannot do more of the same while hoping for a future techno fix (like geoengineering, as currently proposed by the fossil fuel industry).
  • In the case of the social divide it means that no side can kill its way out of the current entanglement. We see this in Ukraine/Russia, a story of massive casualties on both sides for essentially no territorial gain for anyone; and we see this in Israel/Gaza, where neither Hamas nor Israel can get what they want by doing more of the same (heinous attacks and slaughtering of women and children by Hamas, bombings in Gaza that have killed more than 20,000 people, many of them women and children, by the IDF)
  • In the case of the spiritual divide it means that the pandemic of hopelessness and loneliness, largely amplified (if not created) by AI-enabled social media, cannot be fixed by even more technologies, e.g., medical treatments that address the symptoms but not the root issues: the violence and pain that we collectively inflict on our planet (pollution), on each other (war), and on ourselves (hopelessness).

The abyss says: you can’t do more of the same — look into the mirror. But thus far we’re not listening. We’re burning more fossil fuels; bombing and killing more people; and amplifying the pandemic of hopelessness by allowing Big Tech to turn human experience into profit-making machines led by organized irresponsibility, which just amplifies all the symptoms mentioned above.

As we keep doing the same, as the challenges keep piling up, and as the divides deepen, we get an even deeper look into the mirror of the collective abyss. What do we see? We are seeing ourselves.

3. The challenges we face require us to look into the mirror of the whole system.

We are doing all these things to ourselves. At this point, many of us feel drawn to jump to a habitual response (rejecting or reacting). But the trick at this stage, as my good friend Dayna Cunningham once told me, is this: keep the gaze steady.

Keeping the gaze steady means to see our own role in the making of the situation. It’s about seeing clearly the making of what has happened, of what keeps happening. It’s about linking it to our own sense of agency and accountability, which opens a shared body of understanding and possibility.

Keeping the gaze steady means we cannot address and close the three divides with the same thinking that created them:

  • We cannot solve the planetary emergency without profoundly reflecting on our role and relationship with our planet. Is our role to continue the current road of destruction or to transform and reshape our systems from extraction to regeneration and flourishing?
  • We cannot solve our escalating wars and tensions with the same foreign policy mindset and logic that created them. That mindset of othering denies our interdependency, our entanglement with the world around us.
  • We cannot solve the pandemic of loneliness, hopelessness, and depression by applying the same thinking that created them: tech fixes that focus on symptoms but not on the root issues.

Keeping the gaze steady means to face and acknowledge the profound sense of loss and hopelessness of our current moment. In fact, the hopelessness and pain that many younger people feel signals a deeper level of connectednessto the pain inflicted on the planet, on each other, and perhaps also on ourselves.

4. In that mirror we see ourselves and our potential to shift our source of operating.

When we stay with those difficult feelings, when we let go of preconceived notions, we can begin to notice a deeper place of source and resonance. As we deepen our gaze into the mirror, into seeing ourselves through the eyes of the whole, we notice that there is yet another presence available around, between, and within us that in the noise of our everyday lives we almost always miss and ignore. It’s a place and source of presence that is not judgmental, not cynical, and not afraid; it just is — and it is also a foreshadowing of what it is becoming.

In that deeper place of presence, the boundary — between me and you, between us and them, between me and it — is profoundly collapsing. What used to be in here is suddenly distributed all over. My own experience of self and space morphs into a panoramic sensing from the field. My chronological sense of time slows down to stillness. If I stay with and surrender to it, that slowly begins to shift everything around and within me, as the boundary between these two things begins to collapse.

5. By opening our minds we shift our thinking from silos to systems.

Shifting the source of our thinking from our existing bubbles and silos (ego) to the ecosystem around us (eco) may sound like a small thing. But it affects everything. Thinking creates the world. Real deep thinking — that is, creating something from nothing — is among the few things that machines (including generative AI) can’t do.

An example from the past year concerns how we conceive of and make sense of violence. On a surface level there is direct violence. One person is the victim, one is the perpetrator. News reports rarely go below this level.

One level deeper, there is structural violence. The perpetrators of violence are not people but structures (examples are systemic racism and other mechanisms that exclude particular groups from opportunity). In just about all conflicts around the world there is an interplay between direct and structural violence.

A third form of violence in many cases gives rise to the other two: attentional violence. Attentional violence means not to see the other in terms of who they really are. This form of violence is committed when one person or group doesn’t see others as “legitimate” (to use Maturana’s term).

A deepened understanding of the current conflicts around the world requires looking at them on all three levels. Over the past year, in our increasingly polarized world, I have found it very difficult to “hold the space for peace” (Harari, Yuval Noah: 2023) — that is, a space for the evolution of the whole that is beyond the hyperpolarized discourse that now paralyzes collective thought and action. As the holding of this space becomes more difficult in many places today, it also becomes even more important to do so, by building our capacity to hear and hold complex, divergent and conflicting perspectives.

For this first transformation to take hold — the inversion of our thinking from silos to systems, from ego to eco — a second transformation is required, one that concerns the inversion of our relationships.

6. By opening our hearts we shift our relationships from toxic to transformative.

The second transformation is about opening our hearts to shift our relationships. We do that by shifting the inner place from where our listening and our conversations originate. Shifting our listening means moving from downloading and factual to empathic and generative listening. Shifting our conversations means moving from downloading and debate to dialogue and collective creativity.

Not a single challenge contemplated above can be addressed with the old style of listening and conversing, which would only result in more of the same. The key to moving beyond our old patterns of actions lies in transforming our conversations from conforming and confronting to connecting and co-creating by shifting the inner place from where our conversation and listening originate: from inside the boundary of our own system to outside of it, that means stepping out of our preconceived ideas and listening from the perspective of others and from the social field as a whole.

This process of decentering — which sometimes can feel stressful because it comes with not knowing, with uncertainty, and with taking risk — is a capacity that can be trained and cultivated. Without it we will remain stuck in our old tracks.

For this second transformation to take hold — the inversion of our relationships from transactional (or toxic) to transformative — a third transformation is required: the inversion of our actions.

7. By opening our wills we shift our actions from ego to eco.

The third transformation entails shifting the origin of our actions from inside to beyond the collapsing boundary of our system. We see this happening in many places around the world, where, in moments of crisis, systemic breakdown, and existential need, people are rising to the occasion and helping each other. We see it in inspiring volunteer work that often is the secret sauce in creating resilience after hardship and loss (including in Ukraine, Israel, Gaza and other places of amazing community response). We see it also when traditional entities — companies, NGOs, or nation-states — collaborate in new ways across boundaries. In the language of Theory U we call this “awareness-based collective action” (ABC). We see it locally and across sectors. We even see it on a country level. It’s nothing short of amazing what we as humans can do if we choose to operate from an eco perspective rather than an ego perspective.

That said, we also know how painful it is to sit in partnership meetings in which an ecosystem-way of collaboration is disabled through a partner insisting to remain in unilateral control (which means, that there is no trust and the origin of action remains stuck inside that organization’s boundaries). For a more detailed view on the evolutionary patterns of institutional inversion and transformation see my recent blog on Philanthropy 4.0. The capacity for decentering our siloed actions towards co-creative patterns across institutional boundaries requires the opening of the mind, the heart and the will on the side of all key stakeholders.

8. Small islands of coherence have the capacity to lift an entire system.

“When a system is far from equilibrium,” says Nobel Prize-winning chemist Ilya Prigogine, “small islands of coherence in a sea of chaos have the capacity to lift the entire system to a higher order.” That our system is far from equilibrium became abundantly clear in 2023. Most people share that feeling. We also know that the “sea of chaos” is not in short supply.

But what about these “small islands of coherence” that have the capacity to tip our evolutionary trajectory in one direction or another? That’s where our role comes into focus — and by “our” I mean all of us, anyone contemplating the current moment with even the faintest open mind and heart.

When systems collapse, what are we left with? Each other. We are left with our relationships to the land, to ourselves, to one another. Small islands of coherence, as I understand it, are microcosms of the future that is trying to emerge.

Now is the time

Where is the smallest unit of an island of coherence? It’s in our heart. It’s in our relationships. It’s in our circles of deep listening and generative conversation. It’s in our efforts to transform difficult stakeholder relationships in our work and lives through generative listening and conversation.

I am inspired by Vaclav Havel’s distinction between optimism and hope. “Hope is not the conviction that something will turn out well, but the certainty that something makes sense, regardless of how it turns out.”

The year 2024 will present profound choices. Elections will take place in the US, India, Indonesia, South Africa, the EU, the UK, and other democracies. People’s choices will set the stage for the future of deep transformation work, one way or another. We don’t know the outcomes. But we do know that now is the moment to do what makes sense regardless of the outcomes.

A planetary action research community of change makers and leaders

So, what does it take for us as human beings to access that deeper level of our agency — the belief that something “makes sense regardless of how it turns out”? Accessing that deeper level requires us to access our deep humanity. Just as the regeneration of the soil in regenerative agriculture requires methods and tools of cultivation, the same is required for accessing our deeper levels of humanity to reconnect with what truly makes sense for us.

I am immensely thankful for the community of people in and around the Presencing Institute and the u-school ecosystem who continue to co-create, co-evolve, and refine all these methods and tools that serve the creation of islands of coherence. They are critical for bringing about the necessary shifts toward human and planetary flourishing in all our systems in ways that our current polycrisis is calling for.

The Presencing Institute and its global ecosystem of partners and core team members is an action research community of change makers and leaders who use the methods and tools of awareness-based systems change to facilitate processes of transforming our systems from extractive to regenerative, from ego to eco, and from degradation to flourishing.

What does it mean to be part of such an action research community? It means being a practitioner in creating small islands of coherence in our work one way or another — and then methodically reflecting on and sharing these experiences, methods and tools.

But we have learned that just supplying methods and tools for this work is not enough. What’s also necessary are places and spaces for experiencing them in a social context through applied practice fields. In addition we have learned that through the intentional use of technology it is possible to link these small islands of coherence with each other to form beginning ecosystems of coherence.

In 2023 we focused on living examples of these ecosystems in three domains:

  • Build Capacity & Activate Ecosystems: we launched our redesigned and updated u-lab that is available through MITx as well as our Ecosystem Leadership Program in Latin America (a three year capacity building and ecosystem activation program)
  • Create Innovation Labs: through systems labs that focus on Education for Human Flourishing (in partnership with the OECD), Ecosystem restoration and regenerative agriculture (various partners); SDG Leadership Labs (in collaboration with UN and Humanitarian Country Teams); UN 2.0 (in collaboration with multiple agencies); Business as a force for good (in collaboration with Eileen Fisher Foundation and other partners) as well as Transformative finance (in partnership with the GABV) and Philanthropy 4.0
  • Generate Knowledge, Methods, and Tools: Creating and evolving new social arts and related methods, tools, and practices (such as the 4D Mapping online tool), as well as sharing knowledge through our peer-reviewed Journal of Awareness-Based Systems Change, which just reached the remarkable threshold of 100,000 views and downloads in its first three years of publication.

We know that all this is just a small beginning. Even though we only operate with a very small core, many of these efforts involve hundreds or in some cases thousands of volunteering change makers across the globe. We’re really part of a massive movement of volunteers and change makers that keep clarifying and acting on ‘what makes sense regardless of how it turns out.’

That kind of unconditional commitment and action is grounded in a profound shift in awareness that, in this moment, perhaps is our most significant source of hope.

We know that the road ahead will not be easy. We know that many more disruptions are coming our way. But I also feel the presence of profound positive possibility that is palpable across so many places today. Even though 2023 was a difficult year for most of us most of the time, I am ending that year on a different note. More calm, connected, and also more confident that together we will be able to activate and realize the positive potential for change that most of us can feel right now.

I feel a deep gratitude for being alive in this moment. I feel gratitude for being connected to all of the initiatives mentioned (and many that were not), to all of you who co-created them as partners, team members, volunteers, and funders in dozens of projects and initiatives across the globe, and to being connected with those of you who are involved in different but likeminded initiatives in other places and contexts.

I feel that these are the years that I — and perhaps we — have been born for. These are the moments where we need to show up. Yes, it’s not easy, and that’s exactly why we chose to be here — to be here together. These days, months, and years are the moments to be fully present with what is emerging from our relationships with the land, with each other, and with the future that stands in need of us now.

If you want to support the Presencing Institute and its u-school for Transformation: we are funded through contributions from our community and appreciate any contribution you may consider.

If you want to check out further resources: Presencing Instituteottoscharmer.comu-school.orgJournal of Awareness-Based Systems Change

I thank Kelvy Bird for the image that she created for this contemplation! And I thank Antoinette Klatzky, Eva Pomeroy, Katrin Kaufer, Rachel Hentsch, and Patricia Bohl for their helpful feedback on the draft.

https://medium.com/presencing-institute-blog/2023-in-eight-points-meditating-on-our-planetary-moment-3081cf51ed5d

The Joy of Communal Girlhood, the Anguish of Teen Girls

Nail polish and pillow fights: What girlhood taught me about love | The  Daily Nexus

OPINION  JESSICA BENNETT New York Times December 31st 2023 

OK, I’ll admit it. When I learned of hot girl walks, I tried it: Go on a walk, think about how hot you are, do not talk (or think) about men.

I thought girl dinner was pretty funny, too. Adult woman dinner meant preparing dinner for others. But a girl dinner? It was just delicious — or at least edible — morsels tossed on a plate to please you and you alone. No prep, no cleanup, just me and my wedge of cheese and a handful of stale almonds, toppling the patriarchy with snacks.

But then, it seemed, there was suddenly a special girl version for everything: Weird girls were quirky fashionistas who refused to conform to sartorial blandness. Clean girls were subverting beauty standards — or something like that — with “no makeup” makeup and skin that looked like glazed doughnutsSnail girls prioritized self-care over ambition, while rat girls — perhaps the most clever of the girlie trends — scurried about town, not a care in the world, shirking society’s expectations that women cater to others by prioritizing only themselves.

I’ve followed these phenomena over the past year with some combination of bewilderment and delight. Decades after my mother’s generation tried to dissuade the use of “girl” to refer to grown women, that four-letter word, with all its connotations, still seemed to make things involving women more playful, less shrill, a little more fun. And who didn’t want to be fun? Surely there was nothing harmful about the idea, however silly, that a simple dinner could be a feminist act or that light physical exercise could be an exercise in self-confidence. Honestly, if only I could be as confident and unbothered — and simultaneously menacing — as a New York City rat.

And yet I still found myself mistrusting something about all of this: In 2023, it felt as though the world was glorifying girlhood, or an exaggerated version of it, more loudly than at any time I could remember (or at least since I was 16 and dressing as a Spice Girl for Halloween). Was it just coincidence that this embrace came at a time when girls themselves seemed so very miserable?

If the year in girl culture were to be charted, you might say it began with Beyoncé, who became the most decorated Grammy artist of all time, climaxed with Barbiemania, which broke studio records and led to a shortage of pink paint, and ended with Taylor Swift, whose Eras Tour became the highest-grossing music tour in history and who was just named Time’s person of the year. Girlhood literally boosted the economy.

But it wasn’t just the commercial aspects of girlhood that defined the year; it was the celebration of it — in mothers and daughters posting selfies as they belted the lyrics to “Fifteen,” in childhood girlfriends, now grown women, traversing the country to see Beyoncé perform onstage with her 11-year-old daughter and leaving a trail of silver in their wake. Girlhood was in the flash mobs that broke out early this year, as little girls mimicked the high school dance sequence in “Wednesday,” the Netflix smash hit about a teenage girl with a penchant for the macabre who seemed not to care about boys or rules.

In many ways, these displays of girly euphoria have been a delight to watch: pure, unfiltered, even un-self-conscious, in a time that is the opposite. They also felt like an antidote or maybe a carefully calculated distancing from the realities and difficulties of being women. “There’s not a lot of joy in adult womanhood in this time,” said the journalist and feminist critic Susan Faludi. She and I had been circling this point for months, ever since we saw the “Barbie” movie together, which she interpreted as a parable about abortion. “I sort of feel like, OK, you know, who wouldn’t want to be a girl?” she said. “I think we all feel so frightened and insecure and unsafe, maybe what we’re longing for is to be a particular kind of girl — one who is comforted and shielded from the world.”

Of course, that idea of girlhood is — and perhaps has always been — a fantasy. If there’s anything we’ve learned over the past year, it’s that girls, however strong, however able to endure, however good at pretending, are not OK. As study upon study over the past year has shown, girls face record sadness and hopelessness, double that of boys. They’re anxious. They are inundated with conflicting, and constant, messages about whom they should dress like, look like, act like, be, on platforms that have been shown to be toxic to them and where they also face frequent harassment. In the real world, even amid celebrations of so-called body positivity and endless reminders (usually in the form of product placement) that you are enough, girls face record rates of eating disorders and body dysmorphia; they’re wearing anti-aging products designed for middle age.

Girls, whose confidence often drops below that of boys during adolescence — and never catches up — describe feeling more alone than ever, even as their online networks surge.

I charted some of these contradictions this year, when I shadowed a group of 13-year-old girls throughout their eighth-grade year, as they navigated middle school, puberty and friendships amid constant access to a phone. In many ways, their experience was familiar to anyone who’s ever been a girl. But what stuck with me was how those devices seemed to ensure they could never get a mental break from the insecurities of adolescence. From the moment they woke up until they fell asleep, whether or not that phone was locked away or they had access to social media, there was an underlying anxiousness about the things happening on it — friend drama, rumors, grade alerts, DMs — in ways no study could really capture.

“I just feel like I need it, you know?” a girl from Michigan, Addi, told me of her relationship with her phone. “Like, it helps me get through the day.” In reality, of course, it often did the opposite: increased her anxiety, contributed to her self-consciousness, created drama with friends and family.

There has always been a difference between the performance of girlhood and the reality of it, between the selling of girl culture and the actual experience of being a girl. But something about today’s mélange — girls finding empowerment in a movie about a retrograde doll while the success of that movie makes the corporation behind the doll makers (even) richer, girl dinners touted as subversive on the same social media platforms making so many girls sick — feels particularly convoluted. No, not everything with “girl” in the title has to be indicative of something bigger. As Ms. Faludi put it: Let’s not mistake TikTok trends for political movements. But that doesn’t mean they’re devoid of political meaning.

“I think a lot of what girls are celebrating the loudest tend to be the things that we’re actually really struggling with,” said Freya India, a 24-year-old from London, whose newsletter, Girls, I had admired from afar. She wondered whether some of what we were seeing online was an effort by young women of her generation (but maybe also mine) to reclaim an innocent time that was lost: to social media, to the beauty industry, to world events that ask children to grow up too quickly, to the incessant cultural forces that have always plagued girls but are now on overdrive.

“What I think is tragic is there’s that kind of short window of time when you’re young, where you’re carefree and authentically yourself and you’re not insecure yet,” India said. “Now those anxieties are starting way earlier, and girls in particular aren’t getting time to just enjoy being a girl. Like, if you’re a girl on TikTok who’s categorizing herself and having a sad girl summer, that’s not a childhood to me. You are branding and marketing yourself before you’ve even had time to just not be self-conscious.”

I got to thinking about the work of Lauren Greenfield, whose 2002 photography book, “Girl Culture,” I read in college. It was groundbreaking at the time for its arresting, gritty portraits of American girls against the backdrop of the garish consumer culture of the early aughts: a girl scrunching her face in dismay at the sight of her breasts in a dressing room mirror, girls glammed up like women in beauty pageants, girls at quinceañeras, girl athletes, girls at an eating disorder clinic, girls at prom. In some ways, the portraits were a visual manifestation of a decade of work by scholars like Carol Gilligan and Lyn Mikel Brown, who first brought girls’ faltering sense of self into public view during the girl power era of the ’90s. But Ms. Greenfield’s portraits zeroed in on the juxtaposition of girls’ inner thoughts and their outward expressions — an “unhappy symbiosis,” as the book’s introduction put it, between their psychological needs “and the superficial, narcissistic content” they were consuming.

Two decades on, what is the state of that symbiosis? Girls’ psychological needs seem to have only grown more complicated, fueled by a far greater swell of content. But was it all superficial, narcissistic? I’m not so sure.

I did not see Taylor Swift or Beyoncé in concert this year, but I talked to some of the girls and women who did. Women who described the experiences as transcendent, magical, sacred and divine, a kind of “collective uplift,” as Stephanie Burt, the Harvard professor who is teaching a new class on Swiftology, put it. “I put it up there with my wedding night,” my friend Smita Reddy told me, of attending a Swift show with her daughter. A few minutes in, her 9-year-old turned to her and said, “Mom, I don’t feel like I’m alive.”

One of the differences between when Greenfield’s book came out and now is the extent to which women are the primary creative drivers behind much of the culture girls are consuming — which might be why it seems to be speaking to so many of their lives so powerfully. Peggy Orenstein, the author of “Girls and Sex,” who has been writing about girls for 30 years, likened these experiences to a “release valve.” “It’s such a complicated world, and girls and women feel such pressure,” she told me. “Maybe Barbie or Taylor offers a release from the pressures of mental health and gives you this moment where you can just live the fantasy or relax or be seen or feel like you don’t have to be seen or just watch the damned movie.”

I’d started out thinking of this year as a contradiction that needed untangling — the state of girlhood versus state of girls. But maybe there was never actually anything that contradictory about it; one serves as an outlet for the other.

I may not have gone to a girl concert this year, but I did go see the Eras movie with a couple of tweens, the daughters of one of my own girlfriends from middle school. It was a dingy, not very full theater in Seattle, with popcorn spilled between the seats. Not that anyone noticed. Girls with neon bracelets up to their elbows filled the aisles, hand in hand, singing, dancing, screaming every word to every song. None were on their phones.

I watched, a bit mesmerized, as my friend’s 9-year-old, who had made me a “Lavender Haze” friendship bracelet for the event, was mouthing every single word to every single song (she had studied the lyrics on her parents’ Spotify, with the subtitles on).

Looking at her was like peering into that perfect window of girlhood that the blogger Freya India had been talking about: when girls are old enough to know who they are but before the self-consciousness hits.

And maybe that’s part of this, at least for women: In all these girly spaces, in all these silly TikTok trends, there are cracks that let us step back into that time and remember what it feels like to think of nothing but ourselves, our friends and the lyrics to the song in front of us.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/22/opinion/girlhood-mental-health-taylor-swift.html

Moore promises no tax hikes, trims money for state programs in a ‘refocus’

By Erin Cox Washington Post January 18th 2024

After warning for months that Maryland needed to rein in its costs and boost its economy, Gov. Wes Moore (D) on Wednesday released a $63.1 billion budget proposal that aims to do that without raising taxes.F

His budget, the first one created exclusively by his administration, significantlytrims spending on transportation, private universities and community colleges, among many other smaller cuts, while plowing hundreds of millions of dollars into his other priorities.

Moore called the spending plan the first step in “rebasing” how the government invests in core priorities and lives within its means.

“I’m new to politics, but I’m not new to budgets,” Moore, a former investment banker, said. “If you are the CEO of a company and your business is not growing, then maybe it is time to rethink your business model. It will not be enough to simply rebuild the state government. We need to refocus.”

Moore said his administration went line by line through the state’s budget, looking for ways to align state spending with what works and looking for places pandemic aid inflated state spending.Among the examples his administration offered: cutting aid for private colleges such as Johns Hopkins University back to pre-pandemic levels.

Maryland faced budget gaps projected to widen from $761 million next fiscal year to $2.7 billion four years later. The cuts shrink those gaps but did not close them, and Moore said the state cannot pursue bigger ambitions unless Maryland’s economy grows to support them. At a time when other states’ economies grew by 7.5 percent on average over the past five years, he noted Maryland’s grew by merely 0.2 percent.

Among his spending priorities to boost the economy, Moore proposed another $100 million to build a new FBI headquarters, money to bolster a new technology hub in Baltimore and incentives to increase affordable housing.

“It’s not just about cuts. We’ve got to get this economy going,” Moore said during a Wednesday morning news conference in Annapolis where he set out four goals for the next year: to make Maryland safer, more economically competitive and more affordable, and to have a higher share of residents doing public service. To that last point, he included cash to expand his signature Service Year Option program, alongside the Maryland Corps program, to allow for 500 participants, up from the inaugural year’s 280.

He’s also proposed expanding a pilot program to rehabilitate juvenile offenders along with other investments into the Department of Juvenile Services, saying, “I believe in accountability and I believe in consequences for people that break the law. But if we put children into a system that makes them more likely to commit crime, we’re doing it wrong.”

Maryland launches nation’s first state-backed service year program

The budget proposal is subject to General Assembly approval and is 2 percent smaller than the current fiscal year, which was swollen by the last of federal pandemic aid.

The budget continues to pour billions into a growing public education plan meant to boost teacher pay, provide universal pre-K and flood high-poverty schools with resources, among many other goals. It also includes raises for state workers, which were negotiated in advance with the state’s unions.

He’s also proposed investments in job training and “cutting red tape” for certain industries, such as datacenters.

State lawmakers have considerable power in shaping the state’s spending plan and offered mixed initial reviews on Wednesday, with Republicans concerned about undisclosed fee increases hitting Maryland residents.Share this articleShare

“While it is a relief that the Governor’s budget spends less than last year and does not raise taxes, the number of fee increases proposed by his Administration through legislation and the regulatory process is concerning,” Senate Minority Leader Stephen S. Hershey Jr. (R-Queen Anne’s) said in a statement. “Taxes aren’t the only way to raise revenue, and state government should not be in the business of nickel and diming Maryland’s families and small businesses.”

One of those fee increases drew raised eyebrows from Democrats, who hold supermajorities in both chambers.Under his budget, a program that gives free child care to everyone that qualifies would instead implement a co-pay, asking families to pay up to 7 percent of their income toward the cost of care.

Moore emphasized record investment in a child-care subsidy program during his remarks. It has seen dramatic growth since a 2022 reform increased eligibility requirements from $40,000 to $90,000 for a family of four, and forbid the state from creating a waiting list for the program. Moore highlighted both the record amount going to the program and a recent report from the state comptroller that showed women dropping out of the workforce amid high child-care expenses.

“The cost of child care is too high. It changes the trajectory of our state’s fiscal health,” he said.

But his budget also saves $24 million by requiring new families to pay a co-pay, based on a sliding scale.

“That’s problematic,” said House Appropriations Chair Ben Barnes (D-Prince George’s) who described the budget overall as having “some good things.”

He said he was concerned about ways the governor moved around money to fund new programs without fully addressing the long-term shortfalls ahead. Within four years, the annual gap between revenue and expenses is expected to balloon to $2.7 billion within four years. “The current budget doesn’t reflect long-term solutions,” he said. “I’m confident by the end of the session we will find some.”

Maryland’s budget woes mirror states across the country. A Pew report earlier this month that found “roughly half of Americans live in states that report short-term budget gaps, potential long-term deficits, or both.”

Budget analysts were poring over the details Wednesday to understand the impacts of the governor’s plan.

Moore has been warning Maryland leaders about needing “discipline” ahead since August, and in December proposed $3.3 billion in transportation cuts over the next six years, eliminating projects across the state and curtailing transit service and litter pickup to deal with a lack of cash generated by the state’s gas tax. On Tuesday, he announced he could stave off $250 million worth of near-term cuts this year using some of the $2.5 billion in the state’s rainy day fund.

The move heads off what local and state leaders viewed as the worst of the $312 million in cuts expected to take effect this year.

Some Democrats have floated ideas to raise taxes to help close the budget gap, though there is no consensus on a plan.

Senate Budget and Taxation Chair Guy Guzzone (D-Howard) called Moore’s budget “a great foundation” and said he thought an important step is to “take the time to review very carefully all segments of the budget to make sure those are right-sized.” But he also said the legislature is looking closely at how to implement a long-term plan that pays for the education program, known as the Blueprint for Maryland’s Future, that is a primary driver of future budget shortfalls.

“This is an opportunity to do something very important for the future of our kids,” he said. “We want to live up to that commitment, so we will take that role very seriously.”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/01/17/wes-moore-budget-maryland/

Robert Rosenthal, Who Linked Subtle Cues to Behavior, Dies at 90

A black-and-white formal portrait of Robert Rosenthal, sitting on a wooden chair, one arm resting over the back, wearing a dark jacket, sweater vest and tie, smiling.

Jan. 19, 2024 New York Times
By Clay Risen

Robert Rosenthal, a psychologist renowned as an expert in nonverbal communication, and in particular what he called the “self-fulfilling prophecies” in which subtle, often unconscious, gestures can influence behavior, died on Jan. 5 in Riverside, Calif. He was 90.

His daughter Ginny Rosenthal Mahasin said the cause of his death, in a hospital, was an aneurysm.

Widely considered one of the leading social psychologists of the 20th century, Dr. Rosenthal, who spent much of his career at Harvard, was best known for his work in the 1960s on what he called the Pygmalion effect — or, more technically, “interpersonal expectancy.”

In one famous experiment, he gave an aptitude test to students at a California elementary school, then told teachers that a group of the students was set to “blossom” in the next year, while another one wasn’t. In fact, the two groups were selected at random, though the teachers didn’t know that.

A year later, he retested the students and found that those in the “blossom” group had gained an average of 27 I.Q. points, regardless of how they scored initially, while the other group performed much worse.

Dr. Rosenthal concluded that the students’ performance had been affected by the different ways teachers had treated the two groups, encouraging the first with extra help, positive reinforcement and warmer body language. He called it the Pygmalion effect, after the Greek legend in which a sculptor falls in love with one of his works, bringing it to life.

“The bottom line is that if we expect certain behaviors from people, we treat them differently,” he told Discover magazine in 2015, “and that treatment is likely to affect their behavior.”

His book “Pygmalion in the Classroom” (1968), written with Lenore Jacobson, the principal of the California school in the study, caused an uproar. Some social psychologists faulted his data. Albert Shanker, the head of New York City’s largest teachers’ union, condemned it for blaming educators.

The cover of the book “Pygmalion in the Classroom.” Drawn on a chalkboard resting on an easel is the equation “2 + 2 = 5.”
The book “Pygmalion in the Classroom,” which argued that the way teachers view students affects their performance, caused an uproar in the world of education.

But over the next decade researchers accepted it as a model, and an inspiration. In 1978, Dr. Rosenthal and a Harvard colleague, the statistician Donald Rubin, analyzed 345 studies that drew on his original research, in settings as diverse as doctors’ offices, courtrooms and military training centers — and every one of them reaffirmed his findings.

“The same factors operate with bosses and their employees, therapists and their clients, or parents and children,” Dr. Rosenthal told The New York Times in 1986. “The more warmth and the more positive the expectations that are communicated, the better the person who receives those messages will do.”

In a related earlier experiment, he applied his work to himself. As part of his dissertation at the University of California, Los Angeles, he found that the way he posed certain questions and behaved toward certain subjects had a significant impact on the outcome of a study, an effect he called “experimenter bias.”

He was at times critical of how his research could be simplified and distorted, especially by reformers in fields like education and medicine. There was no single toolbox of gestures that a teacher or doctor could use to improve results, he said.

“It’s too simplistic to say that, for example, a physician is sending a message of rapport when he nods or tilts forward,” he told The Times. “When you freeze the moment and extract one part of what is going on from it, you lose the richness of the phenomenon.”

Robert Rosenthal was born on March 2, 1933, in Giessen, Germany, the son of Hermine (Kahn) and Julius Rosenthal, who sold clothing.

As the Nazis tightened their grip on Germany, the Rosenthals fled. They lived for a time in the British colony of Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, before arriving in the United States.

They settled in Queens, but in Robert’s senior year they moved to Los Angeles, where his father opened a department store. Robert studied psychology at U.C.L.A., receiving his bachelor’s degree in 1953 and his doctorate just three years later.

Dr. Rosenthal’s training and early career were in clinical psychology, with a special interest in schizophrenia. But without his intending it to, his work began to take on a social angle.

While teaching at the University of North Dakota in the late 1950s, he conducted an experiment in which a group of students was given two sets of rats. He told the students that one set was trained to be adept at running a maze, the other was not — even though both were identically trained. He then had the students run the rats through mazes.

As he expected, the “maze-bright” rats did significantly better. In a paper published in 1963, he concluded that the students had subconsciously favored the “maze-bright” rats in the way they handled them, giving them an advantage.

He married MaryLu Clayton in 1951. She died in 2010. Along with their daughter Ms. Mahasin, he is survived by another daughter, Roberta Rosenthal Hawkins; a son, David Clayton Rosenthal; and six grandchildren.

A candid photograph of Dr. Rosenthal, standing over a desk piled with papers, holding some papers in one hand. Behind him is a bookcase, also filled with stacks of papers.
Dr. Rosenthal in his office at Harvard in the 1960s. He was initially hired on a short-term basis to replace Timothy Leary, whose experimentations with LSD led to his dismissal.Credit…via John D Warren

In 1963, Harvard hired Dr. Rosenthal on a short-term, nontenured basis to help replace Timothy Leary, the clinical psychologist who had been fired over his experimentation with LSD and other drugs.

A year later, Dr. Rosenthal was offered a tenured job in a different field, social psychology, beating out a promising social psychologist named Stanley Milgram. Dr. Rosenthal suspected that he was chosen because Dr. Milgram had quickly been gaining notoriety for a series of now-famous experiments showing how easy it was to get one person to administer electric shocks to another, and that Harvard had been wary of promoting him.

In addition to his work on experimenter bias and interpersonal expectations, Dr. Rosenthal was a pioneer in meta-analysis, in which he developed a framework for combining multiple studies of the same phenomenon to reach better results.

He retired from Harvard in 1999, then moved to the University of California, Riverside, where he taught until 2018.

He retired from that job when his usually stellar evaluations by students began to decline, to just above average, he wrote in “Pillars of Social Psychology,” a 2022 book edited by Saul Kassin.

“Listening to the data,” Dr. Rosenthal added, “I went to the department chair that week and announced that I’m retiring.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/education/robert-rosenthal-dead.html?smid=url-share

Clay Risen is an obituaries reporter for The Times. Previously, he was a senior editor on the Politics desk and a deputy op-ed editor on the Opinion desk. He is the author, most recently, of “American Rye: A Guide to the Nation’s Original Spirit.” More about Clay RisenA version of this article appears in print on Jan. 21, 2024, Section A, Page 21 of the New York edition with the headline: Robert Rosenthal, 90, Psychologist Who Linked Subtle Cues to Behavior. O

Maryland’s economic woes predate pandemic, report finds

By Erin Cox. Washington Post Jan 4th 2024

Maryland’s economic woes predate the pandemic and “serve as flashing yellow lights for the state’s fiscal health,” according to a first-of-its-kind economic analysis released Wednesday by Comptroller Brooke E. Lierman’s office.

The report, written by state economists and policy researchers, delves into the seeming contradiction in Maryland’s economic indicators: The state has the nation’s lowest unemployment rate and highest median income, but it has barely grown since 2016 as the nation’s economy experienced a double-digit expansion.

The analysis found that Maryland lost lower- and middle-income workers to places with cheaper housing, and that a larger cohort of women left Maryland’s workforce compared with other states. The population growth sputtered a few years before economic and wage growth stalled in 2017, the study found.

“Private sector job growth has been stagnant. People are moving to Maryland from states with higher costs of living, but more Marylanders are moving away to states where cost of living is even lower,” Lierman (D) wrote in a letter accompanying the report.

The 110-page document doesn’t prescribe policy solutions but focuses attention on the state’s affordable housing problems and lack of access to child care at a time when Maryland leaders are scrutinizing weaknesses in the state economy.

Maryland’s state government faces budget gaps that are projected to widen from $761 million next fiscal year to $2.7 billion four years later. The Democrats who dominate the state government are looking for ways to raise hundreds of millions of dollars annually to pay for their priorities, particularly a sweeping education plan and transportation projects.

Maryland’s budget troubles revive debate about taxing the rich

Gov. Wes Moore (D) began publicly sounding alarms this past summer, as Lierman’s report was underway, saying that Maryland’s “economic engine does not support our ambitions.” His own economic council, created in June, is expected to release an analysis within the next few weeks.

Lierman’s analysis used publicly available economic data as well as interviews with residents and business owners to build what she called an audit of the state’s economic performance that also “illustrates the experience of Marylanders as they navigate an evolving economy.”Share this articleNo subscription required to readShare

Among the more striking observations: 100,000 women have dropped out of the workforce since the pandemic, most of them at a peak working age and at a rate at least twice as high as the national average.

Between 2019 and 2021, 2 percent of women ages 16-24 and 25-34 dropped out of the labor force in Maryland. Nationally, these figures were 1 percent for women under 25 and 0.4 percent for those 25-34. Part of the explanation, the report says, is that industries that disproportionately employ women were hardest hit by the pandemic. But at the same time, child-care costs rose dramatically in Maryland, complicating the math for mothers considering returning to the workforce, Lierman said.

Between 2019 and 2023, the average annual cost of child care increased by at least 14 percent and as much as 30 percent, the report found.

“If women do not return to the labor force, Maryland’s labor pool will remain shallow, making it difficult for employers to fill jobs and for the state’s economy to grow,” the report said. In an interview, Lierman added that “if businesses cannot hire the employees and the team members that they need, then it’s even more difficult for the private sector to grow.”

Among the other findings the report highlighted:

  • From the fourth quarter of 2016 to the first quarter of 2023, Maryland’s gross domestic product grew 1.6 percent. The U.S. GDP grew 13.9 percent during the same time. Neighboring Virginia’s grew at 11.2 percent and Pennsylvania’s at 6.6 percent during the period.
  • Nationwide there are 1.3 job openings for every job seeker; in Maryland there are 3.1 job openings.
  • Part of that mismatch is because fewer people ages 25 to 44 are seeking work. Disproportionately, those people are women. “While labor participation of both men and women has fallen in Maryland, the decline among women has been relatively larger compared to the nation, most census regions, and most neighboring states,” the report says.
  • Survey data gathered by researchers “indicate that household responsibilities such as childcare and health issues are contributing factors especially for women opting to leave the traditional labor force,” according to the report.
  • Opioid use has contributed to lower participation in the labor market.

Lierman said she launched the report in order to synthesize multiple government data sets and use the expertise of economists and policy workers in the comptroller’s office to help define the problems facing the state.

“I believe the information that we have in the agency is incredibly powerful and fascinating,” Lierman said. “But if we don’t bring it to the public in a way that is understandable and usable, then you know what? What good are we doing?”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/01/03/maryland-economy-lags-women-workforce/